Most catalysts have three distinguishable components: active component, carrier, and cocatalyst.
1. Active ingredient
The active component is the main component of the catalyst, sometimes composed of one substance, sometimes composed of multiple substances.
2. Carrier
The carrier is a dispersant, a binder or a support for the catalytically active components, and is a framework for supporting the active components. The catalyst prepared by supporting the active component and the co-catalyst component on the carrier becomes a supported catalyst.
Types of commonly used carriers: low specific surface area: corundum, silicon carbide, pumice, diatomite, asbestos, refractory brick; high specific surface area: alumina, SiO2-Al2O3, bauxite, clay, magnesium oxide, silica gel , activated carbon.
3. Co-catalyst
Cocatalysts are a small amount of substances added to the catalyst and are auxiliary components of the catalyst. They have no activity or little activity, but after they are added to the catalyst, they can change the chemical composition, chemical structure, ion valence, acid-base state of the catalyst. properties, lattice structure, surface structure, pore structure, dispersion state, mechanical strength, etc., thereby improving the activity, selectivity, stability and life of the catalyst.